Both equally broad-bandwidth pulses and temporal walk-off bring about a reduction while in the conversion effectiveness, together with worsen the optical excellent of the next harmonic pulses. The appropriate crystal thickness needs to be chosen to minimize both equally consequences.
g. in the shape of “grey tracking�? These kinds of phenomena are significantly prevalent for operation with ultraviolet light. Take note that a gradual degradation can also guide into prompt catastrophic hurt by using excessive heat generation.
The Strength in the two waves propagates in directions determined by their Poynting vectors. Snell's law would not describe the way of Electricity stream, nevertheless it can be employed to compute the path from the k-vector inside the crystal.
The effectiveness of BBO crystals is often influenced by many variables. The quality of the crystal itself is paramount, as defects or impurities can degrade its optical Houses. The temperature at which the crystal operates can also have an affect on its performance, as variations in temperature might cause thermal growth or contraction, potentially altering the crystal’s optical Houses.
Following extraction, the BBO crystals are then Slash into the specified styles and sizes. This reducing method is carried out with precision devices making sure that the crystals are Minimize correctly and cleanly.
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Operation of nonlinear crystals at temperatures under place temperature (to accomplish phase matching) is usually problematic, as it could result in condensation of water on the crystal surfaces In the event the encompassing air just isn't quite dry.
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The Electricity density of your respective beam ought to be calculated regarding J/cm2. The graph to the ideal shows why expressing the LIDT as an Strength density delivers the very best metric get more info for brief pulse sources. On this routine, the LIDT offered being an Electrical power density may be applied to any beam diameter; a person doesn't ought to compute an modified LIDT to adjust for changes in location size.
We use Numerical Aperture (NA) to describe the extent of the angular material. Ideally, the basic laser light would be collimated throughout the crystal, because collimated mild resembles a bunch of rays aligned to precisely the same route with the NA of zero.
BBO nonlinear crystal is usually a damaging uniaxial crystal. It provides period matching for numerous 2nd-order interactions Just about above its full transparency selection. This transparency ranges from 185 nm to three.3 µm, as inferred from transmittance measurements working with crystal samples of a few mm thickness.
In the situation of ultrashort pulses the high group velocity mismatch enforces the use of a shorter crystal, which requires higher optical intensities for a given conversion efficiency.
Ultimately, the Minimize crystals are polished to your easy complete. This polishing system don't just improves the aesthetic physical appearance of your crystals but in addition increases their optical Homes by lessening surface area imperfections.